
材料成型金属学补充-6
Even under the most ideal crystal growth conditions, metals are not crystallographically perfect. Instead, the lattice may contain many imperfections.

材料成型金属学补充-5
Platic deformation results in a permanent change of shape,meaning that after load in removed, then metal will not return to its original dimensions. T

材料成型金属学补充-4
To understand the different deformation modes, the structure of a metal must be considered. Elastic deformation can be conceptualized by considering t